Diphtheria Tetanus and Normal Saline

Antiseptic (from the Greek "Rotting") is called the anti-microbial agents that inhibit the development of microorganisms and disinfectants - substances that kill microbes. To estimate the distance covered and the science "on drugs," the right thing to compare position in the recent past and at present. In 1551 by decree of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Moscow, opened the first pharmacy, and in subsequent years and in other cities, and then established Apothecary order in which they were administered. The white or queuing yellowish powder with faint odor chlorine. Stopped her discovery of penicillin by Fleming British bacteriologist in 1929, ushering in an era of antibiotics. One of them is an empirical (experimental), when synthesized a large number of chemical compounds, among which are valuable for drug therapy. Distinguish 4 groups queuing iodine preparations: 1) containing an elementary iodine (Alcoholic solution Gymnasium iodine, Lugol's solution), 2) inorganic iodides (potassium iodide, sodium iodide), 3) organic matter, elemental iodine is split off (iodoform, yodinolom), queuing iodine-containing organic substances (X-ray contrast agents). This is a group of halogens queuing iodoform, yodinolom), oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate), acids (salicylic, benzoic, boric), alkali (ammonia), aldehydes (formalin, lizoform), alcohols (ethyl alcohol), salts of heavy metals (mercury drugs , silver, copper, zinc, lead), phenols (Carbolic acid, Lysol, resorcinol), dyes (methylene blue, brilliant green), soap (green), tars, resins, oil products (ASD ihtiola, naftalan oil, mineral wax), and fitontsidnye other plant antimicrobials (urzalin, tincture of calendula, imanin). Appears in the XIX century organic chemistry belongs to the greatest achievements of queuing The new science enabled poluchatlekarstvennye outputting not only the substance of the plant material (in limited quantities), but and synthesize them artificially, has opened the horizons for the queuing of entire classes of previously unknown drug compounds. For many drugs undergoing biological standardization, there are international standards. From the Middle Ages came to us important monuments of drug therapy: "Canon of Medicine", written by Avicenna (980-1037 years), "Izbornik Svyatoslav" - the first domestic queuing herbalist, compiled in 1073 in the Renaissance, the progressive value had iatrohimiya (medical chemistry), one of the prominent representatives of which was Paracelsus (1493-1541 years): in therapy were introduced mercury queuing antimony and iron. In practice, surgery enormous importance was the use of None. Has an antiseptic effect. Following queuing in finding new drugs that use the three principles. Dozens more years ago, diabetes is a direct threat to life, Today it was taken synthesized insulin. Activity of drugs in these cases is defined in terms of (ED). For example, the activity of preparations containing cardiac glycosides, are judged by their action on the frog heart, the activity of insulin T-Cell (T-lymphocyte) determined to reduce the level of sugar in the blood of rabbit. A large number queuing different antiseptics can be organized in many ways. With the progress Chemistry was born a large pharmaceutical industry. Group of halogens: Chloramine B. First to therapy using natural substances in its original form. Used in the treatment of infected wounds (Washing, soaking tampons and napkins 1-2% solution), the disinfection of hands (0,25-0,5%), and disinfection of non-metallic instrument. The quality of most drugs queuing determined by chemical way, but the specific activity of some of them may be queuing only by biological, ie, in animal experiments. Very often, in the process "Comprehension" of the substance can not get the connection, which, having an original chemical structure, are identical in their pharmacological action. Thus, by studying the chemical structure of morphine and attempts to implement his synthesis queuing new pain relievers have been obtained funds, including queuing fenadon etc. Imbibing, iodine exerts an active influence on metabolism, especially on thyroid function. Accordingly, the distinction bacteriostatic effect when there is stop the growth of microorganisms, and bactericidal action, when microorganisms are killed Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid It is easy to see that between antiseptic and disinfectants, as well as bacteriostatic and bactericidal action here principle queuing is no difference, since every antimicrobial agent depending on the conditions of its application, in some cases may delay queuing development of microorganisms and other - His doom. After queuing the chemical structure of the current beginning of his reproduced synthetically.